ケラニ川 (කැලණි ගඟ)
ケラニ川は、スリランカを流れる長さ 145 キロメートル (90 マイル) の川です。国内で 4 番目に長い川としてランクされており、スリ パダ山脈からコロンボまで伸びています。ヌワラエリヤ、ラトナプラ、ケーガッラ、ガンパハ、コロンボのスリランカ地区を通過または隣接しています。ケラニ川はスリランカの首都コロンボにも流れ、飲料水の 80% を供給しています。ケラニ川の上流には、ケヘルガム オヤ川とマスケリ オヤ川という 2 つの主要な支流があります。これら 2 つはスリランカの水力発電に貢献しており、いくつかの主要な貯水池、池、発電所を擁しています。キャッスルリー貯水池とノートン貯水池はケヘルガム オヤを越えて建設され、マスケリヤ貯水池、キャニオン貯水池、ラクサパナ貯水池はマスケリ オヤを越えて建設されます。下流ではさらにいくつかの支流がケラニ川に接続しており、その中で最も有名なのはヤティヤンソタのウィー・オヤ、ルワンウェラのグルゴダ・オヤ、アヴィサウェラのシーサワカ・ガンガーです。
ケラニ川はコロンボで使用される水の約 80% を供給しています。さらに、川は輸送、漁業、砂の採掘、水力発電にも使用されています。これらの要因により、多くの人々が日常生活を川に依存しています。現在、川に関連した 2 つの主な懸念は、モンスーン時の洪水と乾季の塩水の侵入です。さらに、ケラニ川の水位は、スリランカの首都コロンボの洪水リスクにかなりの程度影響を与えます。その理由の 1 つは、コロンボ市と郊外の一部が川の下流の氾濫原に位置していることです。コロンボとケラニ川上流域が南西モンスーンにさらされていることも理由の一つです。
問題は関連しています。砂の採掘によって川が深くなったことで、塩水の侵入が促進されました。塩水の侵入を防ぐための規制は、別の方法で水質を低下させ、洪水のリスクを高める可能性があります。砂の採掘は、国にとって、そして多くの関係者にとって経済的に重要です。ケラニ川はスリランカのシンハラ仏教文化、特にケラニ渓谷と呼ばれる地域に住む人々と密接に関係しています。これは主に、ケラニ川が最も尊敬される 2 つの仏教寺院と巡礼地、すなわちスリ パダ山とケラニ ラジャ マハ ヴィハーラヤに関連しているという事実に由来しています。
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Malwathu Oya (මල්වතු ඔය)The Malvathu River long river in Sri Lanka, connecting the city of Anuradhapura, which was the capital of the country for over 15 centuries, to the coast of Mannar. It currently ranks as the second longest river in the country, with a great historic significance.
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Kelani River (කැලණි ගඟ)The Kelani River is a 145-kilometre-long (90 mi) river in Sri Lanka. Ranking as the fourth-longest river in the country, it stretches from the Sri Pada Mountain Range to Colombo. It flows through or borders the Sri Lankan districts of Nuwara Eliya, Ratnapura, Kegalle, Gampaha and Colombo.
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Yan Oya (යාන් ඔය)The Yan Oya is the fifth-longest river of Sri Lanka. It measures approximately 142 km (88 mi) in length. Its catchment area receives approximately 2,371 million cubic metres of rain per year, and approximately 17 percent of the water reaches the sea. It has a catchment area of 1,520 square kilometres.
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Walawe River (වලවේ ගඟ)The southern region of Sri Lanka is exalted by a bushel of enthralling and glorified rivers and the Walawe River is one of them. Gently flowing through the Udawalawe National Park, the Walawe River provides water for a multitude of species of mesmerising fauna.
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Kalu Ganga (කළු ගඟ)Kalu Ganga is a river in Sri Lanka. Measuring 129 km (80 mi) in length, the river originates from Sri Padhaya and reach the sea at Kalutara. The Black River flows through the Ratnapura and the Kalutara District and pass the city Ratnapura. The mountainous forests in the Central Province and the Sinharaja Forest Reserve are the main sources of water for the river.
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Maha Oya (මහ ඔය)The Maha Oya is a major stream in the Sabaragamuwa Province of Sri Lanka. It measures approximately 134 km (83 mi) in length. It runs across four provinces and five districts. Maha Oya has 14 Water supply networks to serve the need of water and more than 1 million people live by the river.
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Gin Ganga (ගිං ගඟ)The Gin Ganga, is a 115.9 km (72 mi) long river situated in Galle District of Sri Lanka. The river's headwaters are located in the Gongala Mountain range, near Deniyaya, bordering the Sinharaja Forest Reserve.
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Kala Oya (කලා ඔය)It was around these ancient tank (water storage reservoir) irrigation systems that the economy and human settlements of early Sri Lankan society were organised into a “hydraulic civilization”.
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Deduru Oya (දැදුරු ඔය)The Deduru Oya Dam is an embankment dam built across the Deduru River in Kurunegala District of Sri Lanka. Built in 2014, the primary purpose of the dam is to retain approximately a billion cubic metres of water for irrigation purposes, which would otherwise flow out to sea.
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Maduru Oya (මාදුරු ඔය)The Maduru Oya is a major stream in the North Central Province of Sri Lanka. It is approximately 135 km (84 mi) in length. Its catchment area receives approximately 3,060 million cubic metres of rain per year, and approximately 26 percent of the water reaches the sea.
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Kumbukkan Oya (කුඹුක්කන් ඔය)The Kumbukkan Oya is the twelfth-longest river of Sri Lanka. It is approximately 116 km (72 mi) long. It runs across two provinces and two districts. Its catchment area receives approximately 2,115 million cubic metres of rain per year, and approximately 12 percent of the water reaches the sea.
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Mi Oya (මී ඔය)The Mi oya is a 108 km (67 mi) long river, in North Western of Sri Lanka. It is the fifteenth-longest river in Sri Lanka. It begins in Saliyagama and flows northwest, emptying into the Indian Ocean thru Puttalam.
